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With the recent release of Vue 2.6, the syntax for using slots has been made more succinct. This change to slots has gotten me re-interested in discovering the potential power of slots to provide reusability, new features, and clearer readability to our Vue-based projects. What are slots truly capable of?
If you’re new to Vue or haven’t seen the changes from version 2.6, read on. Probably the best resource for learning about slots is Vue’s own documentation, but I’ll try to give a rundown here.
What Are Slots?
![What What](https://cdn.hswstatic.com/gif/pci-express-1.jpg)
Slots are a mechanism for Vue components that allows you to compose your components in a way other than the strict parent-child relationship. Slots give you an outlet to place content in new places or make components more generic. The best way to understand them is to see them in action. Let’s start with a simple example:
This component has a wrapper
div
. Let’s pretend that div
is there to create a stylistic frame around its content. This component is able to be used generically to wrap a frame around any content you want. Let’s see what it looks like to use it. The frame
component here refers to the component we just made above.The content that is between the opening and closing
frame
tags will get inserted into the frame
component where the slot
is, replacing the slot
tags. This is the most basic way of doing it. You can also specify default content to go into a slot simply by filling it in:So now if we use it like this instead:
The default text of “This is the default content if nothing gets specified to go here” will show up, but if we use it as we did before, the default text will be overridden by the
img
tag.Multiple/Named Slots
You can add multiple slots to a component, but if you do, all but one of them is required to have a name. If there is one without a name, it is the default slot. Here’s how you create multiple slots:
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We kept the same default slot, but this time we added a slot named
header
where you can enter a title. You use it like this:Just like before, if we want to add content to the default slot, just put it directly inside the
titled-frame
component. To add content to a named slot, though, we needed to wrap the code in a template
tag with a v-slot
directive. You add a colon (:
) after v-slot
and then write the name of the slot you want the content to be passed to. Note that v-slot
is new to Vue 2.6, so if you’re using an older version, you’ll need to read the docs about the deprecated slot syntax.Scoped Slots
One more thing you’ll need to know is that slots can pass data/functions down to their children. To demonstrate this, we’ll need a completely different example component with slots, one that’s even more contrived than the previous one: let’s sorta copy the example from the docs by creating a component that supplies the data about the current user to its slots:
This component has a property called
user
with details about the user. By default, the component shows the user’s last name, but note that it is using v-bind
to bind the user data to the slot. With that, we can use this component to provide the user data to its descendant:To get access to the data passed to the slot, we specify the name of the scope variable with the value of the
v-slot
directive.There are a few notes to take here:
- We specified the name of
default
, though we don’t need to for the default slot. Instead we could just usev-slot='slotProps'
. - You don’t need to use
slotProps
as the name. You can call it whatever you want. - If you’re only using a default slot, you can skip that inner
template
tag and put thev-slot
directive directly onto thecurrent-user
tag. - You can use object destructuring to create direct references to the scoped slot data rather than using a single variable name. In other words, you can use
v-slot='{user}'
instead ofv-slot='slotProps'
and then you can useuser
directly instead ofslotProps.user
.
Taking those notes into account, the above example can be rewritten like this:
A couple more things to keep in mind:
- You can bind more than one value with
v-bind
directives. So in the example, I could have done more than justuser
. - You can pass functions to scoped slots too. Many libraries use this to provide reusable functional components as you’ll see later.
v-slot
has an alias of#
. So instead of writingv-slot:header='data'
, you can write#header='data'
. You can also just specify#header
instead ofv-slot:header
when you’re not using scoped slots. As for default slots, you’ll need to specify the name ofdefault
when you use the alias. In other words, you’ll need to write#default='data'
instead of#='data'
.
There are a few more minor points you can learn about from the docs, but that should be enough to help you understand what we’re talking about in the rest of this article.
What Can You Do With Slots?
Slots weren’t built for a single purpose, or at least if they were, they’ve evolved way beyond that original intention to be a powerhouse tool for doing many different things.
Reusable Patterns
Components were always designed to be able to be reused, but some patterns aren’t practical to enforce with a single “normal” component because the number of
props
you’ll need in order to customize it can be excessive or you’d need to pass large sections of content and potentially other components through the props
. Slots can be used to encompass the “outside” part of the pattern and allow other HTML and/or components to placed inside of them to customize the “inside” part, allowing the component with slots to define the pattern and the components injected into the slots to be unique.What Are Slots In Qt
For our first example, let’s start with something simple: a button. Imagine you and your team are using Bootstrap*. With Bootstrap, your buttons are often strapped with the base `btn` class and a class specifying the color, such as `btn-primary`. You can also add a size class, such as `btn-lg`.
* I neither encourage nor discourage you from doing this, I just needed something for my example and it’s pretty well known.
Let’s now assume, for simplicity’s sake that your app/site always uses
btn-primary
and btn-lg
. You don’t want to always have to write all three classes on your buttons, or maybe you don’t trust a rookie to remember to do all three. In that case, you can create a component that automatically has all three of those classes, but how do you allow customization of the content? A prop
isn’t practical because a button
tag is allowed to have all kinds of HTML in it, so we should use a slot.Now we can use it everywhere with whatever content you want:
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Of course, you can go with something much bigger than a button. Sticking with Bootstrap, let’s look at a modal, or least the HTML part; I won’t be going into functionality… yet.
Now, let’s use this:
The above type of use case for slots is obviously very useful, but it can do even more.
Reusing Functionality
Vue components aren’t all about the HTML and CSS. They’re built with JavaScript, so they’re also about functionality. Slots can be useful for creating functionality once and using it in multiple places. Let’s go back to our modal example and add a function that closes the modal:
Now when you use this component, you can add a button to the footer that can close the modal. Normally, in the case of a Bootstrap modal, you could just add
data-dismiss='modal'
to a button, but we want to hide Bootstrap specific things away from the components that will be slotting into this modal component. So we pass them a function they can call and they are none the wiser about Bootstrap’s involvement:Renderless Components
And finally, you can take what you know about using slots to pass around reusable functionality and strip practically all of the HTML and just use the slots. That’s essentially what a renderless component is: a component that provides only functionality without any HTML.
Making components truly renderless can be a little tricky because you’ll need to write
render
functions rather than using a template in order to remove the need for a root element, but it may not always be necessary. Let’s take a look at a simple example that does let us use a template first, though:This is an odd example of a renderless component because it doesn’t even have any JavaScript in it. That’s mostly because we’re just creating a pre-configured reusable version of a built-in renderless function:
transition
. Pirate ship slot.Yup, Vue has built-in renderless components. This particular example is taken from an article on reusable transitions by Cristi Jora and shows a simple way to create a renderless component that can standardize the transitions used throughout your application. Cristi’s article goes into a lot more depth and shows some more advanced variations of reusable transitions, so I recommend checking it out.
For our other example, we’ll create a component that handles switching what is shown during the different states of a Promise: pending, successfully resolved, and failed. It’s a common pattern and while it doesn’t require a lot of code, it can muddy up a lot of your components if the logic isn’t pulled out for reusability.
So what is going on here? First, note that we are receiving a prop called
promise
that is a Promise
. In the watch
section we watch for changes to the promise and when it changes (or immediately on component creation thanks to the immediate
property) we clear the state, and call then
and catch
on the promise, updating the state when it either finishes successfully or fails.Then, in the template, we show a different slot based on the state. Note that we failed to keep it truly renderless because we needed a root element in order to use a template. We’re passing
data
and error
to the relevant slot scopes as well.And here’s an example of it being used: Free slots com.
We pass in
somePromise
to the renderless component. While we’re waiting for it to finish, we’re displaying “Working on it…” thanks to the pending
slot. If it succeeds we display “Resolved:” and the resolution value. If it fails we display “Rejected:” and the error that caused the rejection. Now we no longer need to track the state of the promise within this component because that part is pulled out into its own reusable component.So, what can we do about that
span
wrapping around the slots in promised.vue
? To remove it, we’ll need to remove the template
portion and add a render
function to our component:There isn’t anything too tricky going on here. We’re just using some
if
blocks to find the state and then returning the correct scoped slot (via this.$scopedSlots['SLOTNAME'](..)
) and passing the relevant data to the slot scope. When you’re not using a template, you can skip using the .vue
file extension by pulling the JavaScript out of the script
tag and just plunking it into a .js
file. This should give you a very slight performance bump when compiling those Vue files.This example is a stripped-down and slightly tweaked version of vue-promised, which I would recommend over using the above example because they cover over some potential pitfalls. There are plenty of other great examples of renderless components out there too. Baleada is an entire library full of renderless components that provide useful functionality like this. There’s also vue-virtual-scroller for controlling the rendering of list item based on what is visible on the screen or PortalVue for “teleporting” content to completely different parts of the DOM.
I’m Out
Vue’s slots take component-based development to a whole new level, and while I’ve demonstrated a lot of great ways slots can be used, there are countless more out there. What great idea can you think of? What ways do you think slots could get an upgrade? If you have any, make sure to bring your ideas to the Vue team. God bless and happy coding.
(dm, il)
Alternatively known as a bus slot or expansion port, an expansion slot is a connection or port inside a computer on the motherboard or riser card. It provides an installation point for a hardware expansion card to be connected. For example, if you wanted to install a new video card in the computer, you'd purchase a video expansion card and install that card into the compatible expansion slot.
Computer expansion slots
Below is a listing of expansion slots commonly found in a computer and the devices associated with those slots. Clicking on any of the links below provide you with additional details.
- AGP - Video card.
- AMR - Modem, sound card.
- CNR - Modem, network card, sound card.
- EISA - SCSI, network card, video card.
- ISA - Network card, sound card, video card.
- PCI - Network card, SCSI, sound card, video card.
- PCI Express - Video card, modem, sound card, network card.
- VESA - Video card.
Many of the above expansion card slots are obsolete. You're most likely only going to encounter AGP, PCI, and PCI Express when working with computers today. In the picture below is an example of what expansion slots may look like on a motherboard. In this picture, there are three different types of expansion slots: PCI Express, PCI, and AGP.
How many expansion slots does my computer have?
Every computer motherboard is different, to determine how many expansion slots are on your computer motherboard identify the manufacturer and model of the motherboard. Once you've identified the model of motherboard, you can find complete information about the motherboard in its manual.
Adding additional expansion slots for older motherboards could be accomplished by using a riser board, which would add several ISA or PCI slots. Today, riser boards are rarely used with motherboards, as there is limited need for additional expansion slots with modern motherboards.
What type of expansion slots are on my motherboard?
As mentioned above, every motherboard model is unique, so to determine the type of expansion slots on the motherboard, consult the board's specifications and owner's manual. You can also open the computer case and visually examine the motherboard.
Why do computers have expansion slots?
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Computers have expansion slots to give the user the ability to add new devices to their computer. For example, a computer gamer may upgrade their video card to get better performance in their games. An expansion slot allows them to remove the old video card and add a new video card without replacing the motherboard.
What is the most common expansion slot today?
Today, the most commonly used expansion slot used and found on computer motherboards is the PCI Express expansion slot.
Does a laptop have an expansion slot?
Laptops do not have expansion slots like a desktop computer. However, some laptops do have PC Cards that can be inserted into the side of the laptop. They may also have a Cardbus slot for an ExpressCard to be added.
Related expansion slot pages
Expansion, Expansion card, Motherboard terms, Seated